[目的]探讨上海市祟明县恶性肿瘤发病与死亡水平。[方法]收集上海市崇明县2006～2008年恶性肿瘤登记报告系统中的恶性肿瘤病例资料,计算发病(死亡)率、世界标化发病(死亡)率、年龄别发病(死亡)率、累积发病(死亡)率等。[结果]2006～2008年崇明县共登记报告恶性肿瘤(包括中枢神经系统良性肿瘤)新发病例7185例,粗发病率为343.09/10万,世界标化发病率为175.35/10万;死亡病例4876例,粗死亡率为232.83/10万,标化死亡率为107.46/10万。男性发病率和死亡率均大于女性,男女性年龄别发病率和死亡率随年龄增长而上升。男性恶性肿瘤发病率前5位为肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、直肠癌、结肠癌,死亡前5位为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、直肠癌;女性恶性肿瘤发病前5位为乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结肠癌,死亡前5位为肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌。[结论]崇明县2006～2008年恶性肿瘤发病率呈明显上升趋势,死亡率总体均无明显变化。肺、胃、肝、乳腺和结直肠癌等是威胁人群的主要肿瘤,需加强肿瘤防治宣传教育,开展癌症二级预防,提倡健康的行为生活方式,控制环境污染。 [Objective] To investigate the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in Chongming County, Shanghai. [Methods] The data of malignant tumor from 2006 to 2008 in Chongming county of Shanghai were collected to calculate the incidence of disease (death), the incidence of the world standardization (death), the incidence of age-related disease (death), the cumulative incidence (Death) rate and so on. [Results] A total of 7185 newly diagnosed cases of malignant tumors (including benign tumors of central nervous system) were registered and registered in Chongming County from 2006 to 2008, with a crude incidence rate of 343.09 / 100 000 and a world-standardized incidence rate of 175.35 / 100 000; deaths 4876 cases, the crude death rate was 232.83 / 100000, the standardized mortality rate was 107.46 / 100000. Male morbidity and mortality were greater than those of women, and age-specific morbidity and mortality of men and women increased with age. The top five male malignant tumors were lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, rectal cancer and colon cancer. The top 5 deaths were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer and rectal cancer. The top 5 women with malignant tumors were breast cancer, lung cancer , Gastric cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, the top 5 deaths were lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. [Conclusion] The incidence of malignant tumors in Chongming from 2006 to 2008 showed a significant upward trend, with no significant changes in overall mortality. Lung, stomach, liver, breast and colorectal cancer are the main tumors that threaten the population. Publicity and education on cancer prevention and treatment should be strengthened. Secondary prevention of cancer should be carried out to promote healthy behavior and lifestyle and to control environmental pollution.