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目的掌握重庆市布鲁氏菌病疫情及流行趋势,为布鲁氏菌病防治策略提供依据。方法选择畜牧业发达,畜牧饲养量较大的区域作为监测点对重点职业人群进行病情监测;收集重庆市畜牧部门2008-2012年期间的畜间感染布鲁氏菌的资料。人群和动物血样均采用试管凝集试验进行检测。结果 2005-2012年共主动搜索重点职业人群18 521人,未发现符合布鲁氏菌病诊断标准的临床症状、体征的病例;重点人群采集血清标本3 727份,血清学阳性率为0.94%;以2011、2012年血清阳性率较高,随着年份的增加,阳性率呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=14.04,P<0.01)。男性血清学阳性率(1.16%)高于女性(0.38%)(χ2=4.90,P<0.05);阳性者以青壮年为主;不同职业间感染率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=42.86,P<0.01),以奶牛饲养员最高(2.31%)。共调查68 181头牲畜,血清阳性率为0.83%,均为奶牛,以2012年为最高(1.83%),2009年最低(0.01%);随着年份的增加,畜间布鲁氏菌病感染率呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=453.49,P<0.01)。结论重庆市人间和畜间布鲁氏菌病感染呈上升趋势,奶牛是人间布鲁氏菌病感染的主要传染源,应加强牲畜检疫和人群监测,及时发现疫情。
Objective To grasp the epidemic situation and epidemic trend of brucellosis in Chongqing and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of brucellosis. Methods The areas with developed husbandry and large stockbreeding area were chosen as the monitoring points to monitor the condition of key occupational groups. The data of brucellosis in Chongqing during the period of 2008-2012 were collected. Blood samples from both populations and animals were tested using a tube agglutination test. Results A total of 18 521 major occupational groups were searched actively from 2005 to 2012. No clinical signs and symptoms were found in the diagnostic criteria of brucellosis. Serious samples were collected from 3 727 serum samples, with serological positive rate of 0.94% In 2011 and 2012, the positive rate of seropositivity was high, with the increase of the year, the positive rate showed an upward trend (χ2 trend = 14.04, P <0.01). The positive rate of seroprevalence in males was higher than that in females (0.38%) (χ2 = 4.90, P <0.05). The prevalence of seroprevalence among males was mainly young and middle-aged. The infection rates among different occupations were statistically significant , P <0.01), the highest breeders (2.31%). A total of 68 181 livestock were surveyed with a seroprevalence of 0.83%, all of which were cows, with the highest in 2012 (1.83%) and the lowest in 2009 (0.01%). As the year progressed, Brucella brucei infection Rate showed an upward trend (χ2 trend = 453.49, P <0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of brucellosis in human beings and between domestic animals is on an upward trend. Dairy cow is the main source of infection of human brucellosis. Livestock quarantine and crowd monitoring should be strengthened to detect outbreaks in time.