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目的探讨2011-2013年西安市肾综合征出血热流行特征,为疾病防控的科学决策提供依据。方法导出中国疾病预防控制信息系统中报告的肾综合征出血热病例信息,结合人口学数据信息,对2011-2013年西安市肾综合征出血热发病情况进行回顾性分析。结果 3年间西安市累计报告发病3 229例,死亡31例,发病较高的区县是周至县、户县、长安区和临潼区等老疫区,新城区、碑林区和莲湖区等城区发病率低;全年发病呈现两个高峰,以大高峰为主;发病仍然以16~60岁农民为主。但15岁以下和60岁以上人群发病构成接近25%。结论近三年西安市肾综合征出血热发病呈现下降趋势,以疫苗为主的综合防控策略起到了作用。此外,低年龄和高年龄疫苗保护人群以外人员发病比重增大,建议制定疫苗接种策略时重新评估和定义适龄接种疫苗人群的范围。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Xi’an from 2011 to 2013 and provide the basis for scientific decision-making of disease prevention and control. Methods The case information of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (RHD) reported in China CDC was derived. The incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Xi’an in 2011-2013 was analyzed retrospectively with demographic data. Results A total of 3 229 cases and 31 deaths were reported in Xi’an during the past three years. The districts with high morbidity were the old epidemic areas such as Zhouzhi County, Huxian County, Chang’an District and Lintong District, and the urban areas such as Xincheng District, Beilin District and Lianhu District Low rate; the annual incidence of two peaks, with the main peak; the incidence is still dominated by 16 to 60-year-old peasant. However, the incidence of disease in people under 15 and over 60 is close to 25%. Conclusion The onset of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Xi’an in recent three years showed a downward trend, and the vaccine-based comprehensive prevention and control strategy played a role. In addition, the incidence of diseases outside the protection of low-age and high-age vaccines population increased, it is recommended to develop a vaccination strategy to re-evaluate and define the scope of age-appropriate vaccination population.