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荷兰绘画市场完全仰仗普通民众的支持,因而如果不能满足顾客的要求,任何东西都卖不出去,在17世纪荷兰画家就能十分留意市场需求和顾客意愿。例如,作为17世纪30年代顶尖肖像画家的伦勃朗,在他的委托订件中,肖像画开出的润笔费令人咂舌:一幅单人画收100荷兰盾;全身肖像得收500盾;双人肖像则要800盾。当时一般中产阶级年收入仅500盾,伦勃朗的市场号召力实在非同凡响。但他十分清楚荷兰画家的地位,伦勃朗曾坦率表达自己的不满:“在弗兰德斯人们非常尊重鲁本斯,让他做大使,我听说,西班牙有一个
The Dutch painting market relies entirely on the support of the general public, so that nothing can be sold out if it can not satisfy the customers’ demands. In the 17th century Dutch painters were able to pay close attention to the needs of the market and their wishes. For example, in his commissioned document, Rembrandt, a leading portrayal of the 1730s, perverts the penmanship of making portraits: a solo draw of 100 guilder; a full-portrait of 500 shields ; Double portraits would have 800 shields. At that time the average middle-class annual income of only 500 shields, Rembrandt’s market appeal is extraordinary. However, he was well aware of the position of a Dutch painter. Rembrandt had frankly expressed his dissatisfaction: ”In Flanders, people have great respect for Rubens and have him as ambassador. I have heard that Spain has a