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作者运用区位基尼系数、份额变动和份额-偏离分析方法,以地区产业结构演进为视角,考察2001年~2011年中国制造业区域转移的时空特征及变动原因。结果表明:在考察期内,中国制造业呈现出先集聚后分散的时空演变特征,即2001年~2005年,制造业向东部地区集聚;2005年~2011年,制造业则从东部地区向中西部地区和东北地区转移,中部地区是承接产业转移的主要地区。中国2005年~2011年的制造业区域转移主要是地区间产业竞争优势的变动所致,而不是来源于各地区产业结构差异的变动,即东部地区由竞争优势向竞争劣势转变,而中西部地区和东北地区则由竞争劣势向竞争优势转变。产业结构调整改变了地区制造业的增长路径,但其长期效果受竞争优势的影响明显。东部地区亟需加快产业升级并重塑竞争优势,中西部地区和东北地区则应理性承接产业转移,提高优势产业的专业化水平。
Using the Gini Coefficient, Share Change and Share-Deviation analysis, the author investigates the spatio-temporal characteristics of China’s manufacturing industry transfer and the reasons for its change from the perspective of regional industrial structure evolution from 2001 to 2011. The results show that during the period of investigation, China’s manufacturing industry showed the characteristics of spatiotemporal evolution after the first agglomeration. From 2001 to 2005, the manufacturing industry gathered in the eastern region; from 2005 to 2011, the manufacturing industry moved from the eastern region to the central and western regions The transfer of the region and the northeast region, the central region is to undertake the main area of industrial transfer. The transfer of manufacturing industries in China from 2005 to 2011 was mainly caused by the changes in industrial competitive advantages among different regions rather than the changes in the industrial structure in different regions. That is, the eastern region shifted from competitive advantage to competitive disadvantage while the central and western regions And Northeast China from a competitive disadvantage to a competitive advantage. Adjustment of industrial structure has changed the growth path of manufacturing industry in the region, but its long-term effect is obviously affected by competitive advantages. The eastern region urgently needs to speed up its industrial upgrading and reshape its competitive advantage. The central and western regions and the northeast should rationally undertake industrial transfer and raise the specialization of their industries.