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为明确籼粳杂交超级稻组合甬优12超高产株形特征特性,本研究于2013年对甬优12与杂交籼稻中浙优8号、杂交粳稻甬优8号、常规籼稻黄华占和常规粳稻秀水09进行了随机区组设计3次重复比较试验。结果表明,甬优12平均产量为1.3511×104kg/hm2,比各对照增产在25.1%~63.7%之间,均达极显著水平,虽然生育期长,但稻谷日产量仍达73.4kg/hm2,除对中浙优8号(CK1)增产5.9%达显著差异外,比甬优8号、黄华占和秀水11分别增产11.6%、13.8%和36.9%,达极显著差异,显示了强大的产量优势。通过研究初步明确了甬优12的超级稻株形特点:生育前期具有旺盛的营养生长竞争优势,达到苗峰时间早;生育中期分蘖消长平衡,分蘖健壮;生育后期,上三叶由上而下依次增长争光少,叶片宽厚挺直而略向内卷,植株高而壮健,茎秆粗,基部杆壁厚;成熟期,植株基部清爽,功能叶寿命长,穗下弯如弧形;表明植株器官的时空分布合理。甬优12不仅库容量特别大,一次枝梗多达23个,二次枝梗多达73个,每穗总粒数多达393.9粒,而且源足、流畅,结实率高,单穗重达6.7g。但甬优12灌浆期较长。本研究为超级稻新品种选育提供了重要参考指标和改进方向,对甬优12因种制宜制订超高产栽培技术作了一些探讨。
In order to clarify the plant characteristics of the super high-yielding combination of indica japonica and japonica hybrid rice, Yongyou 12 was crossed with Yongyou 12, Zhongzheyou 8, indica hybrid rice Yongyou 8, conventional indica Huanghuazhan and conventional japonica rice Xiushui 12 09 randomized block design 3 times repeated comparison test. The results showed that the average yield of Yongyou 12 was 1.3511 × 104kg / hm2, which was significantly higher than that of the control (25.1% ~ 63.7%). Although the growth period was long, the daily yield of rice reached 73.4kg / hm2, Except for the significant increase of 5.9% for CK1, the yield was 11.6%, 13.8% and 36.9% higher than that of Yongyou 8, Huanghuazhan and Xiushui 11, respectively, showing a significant yield advantage . Through the research, the plant shape characteristics of Yongyou 12 were preliminarily determined: the preponderance of the plant had the competitive advantage of vegetative growth, the early peak of the seedling peak was reached, the balance of tillering and growth was balanced and the tillering was robust in the middle growing stage. In the late growing stage, Followed by the growth of less light, leaves wide and straight and slightly inward, the plant tall and strong, thick stems, stem thick base; maturity, plant base refreshing, functional leaves long life, The temporal and spatial distribution of organs is reasonable. Yongyou 12 not only has a large storage capacity, but also has 23 primary shoots, 73 secondary shoots and 393.9 grains per panicle, with a high source of seed, 6.7g. However, Yongyou 12 has a longer filling period. This study provided an important reference index and improvement direction for the selection of new super rice varieties. Some suggestions were made to develop super-high-yielding cultivation techniques for Yongyou12.