本文从剖析北宋文官集团的社会心理和行政管理入手 ,认为北宋文官政治具有两大特性 ,其一 ,矛盾的复合性格 ;其二 ,低下的行政效率。这两大特性使得文官政治成为党争的源泉和推进剂。而在此制度背景下展开的王安石变法难免陷入党争泥潭 ,终至新法尽废而互讦不已。 This article starts with the analysis of the social psychology and administrative management of the civil official groups in the Northern Song Dynasty. It holds that civil official politics in the Northern Song Dynasty has two characteristics, one is the compound character of contradiction and the other is the low administrative efficiency. These two major characteristics make the civil service politics a source and propellant of the party struggle. Wang Anshi’s reform, which unfolds under the background of this system, will inevitably fall into the quagmire of the party struggle.