乙型肝炎是外科医师的一种职业病,有值得注意的发病率及一定的死亡率。这是外科医师为腹痛病人作鉴别诊断时必须考虑到的一种疾病;也是当病人或手术室成员被针头扎伤后外科医师作预防性处理时的一种情况。本文拟概述乙型肝炎的基本临床及血清学特点,讨论外科医师感染本病或将本病传给他人、或成为慢性抗原携带者的危险,并展示预防乙型肝炎的最新方法。乙型肝炎的历史肝炎是一个老的疾病,Hippo-crates 就知道黄疸的流行病,多为甲型肝炎(经粪—— Hepatitis B is an occupational disease for surgeons, with notable morbidity and certain mortality. This is a condition the surgeon must take into account when making a differential diagnosis of abdominal pain. It is also the case when the surgeon prescribes prophylaxis after the patient or operating room member has been stabbed by a needle. This article is intended to outline the basic clinical and serological features of hepatitis B and to discuss the risk of the surgeon contracting or transmitting this disease to others or becoming a chronic antigen carrier and showing the latest method of preventing hepatitis B. The History of Hepatitis B Hepatitis is an old disease and Hippo-crates knows the epidemic of jaundice, mostly Hepatitis A (dung -