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目的:了解都昌县已婚妇女妇科病的发病情况,为开展妇科病的防治工作提供依据。方法:随机抽取都昌县10个乡镇农村25～59岁已婚妇女10 000名进行妇科病普查,制定统一表格,由专业的医务人员统一询问、填写病史,主治以上的医师进行妇科检查、白带常规化验、宫颈细胞学检查,盆腔B超检查,对妇科检查可疑者行阴道镜检查,阴道镜异常者行病理组织学检查。结果:10 000名受检者中查出患妇科病总人数8 011例,患病率为80.11%。妇科常见病中慢性宫颈炎发病率居首位为4 970例,患病率49.70%;其次为阴道炎4 590例,患病率45.90%;子宫肌瘤314例,患病率3.14%;附件包块181例,患病率1.81%;盆腔积液170例,患病率1.70%;前庭大腺囊肿11例;CINⅠ～Ⅱ8例;宫颈癌前病变5例;确诊早期宫颈癌3例。慢性宫颈炎、阴道炎的发病与年龄有关,25～30岁年龄段患病率最高,分别为59.31%、58.16%,随年龄增长而下降(P<0.01)。子宫肌瘤25～30岁患病率0.89%,41～50岁患病率为5.34%,随年龄增长而上升,但绝经后降至1.66%(P<0.01)。结论:生殖道感染是影响妇女健康的主要疾病,重视妇科病普查,系统规范地治疗妇科常见病,对高发年龄段的妇女进行重点干预,是实现妇科疾病“三早”(早发现、早诊断、早治疗),从而降低“两率”(患病率、死亡率)的关键,亦是妇女保健面临的重要任务。
Objective: To understand the incidence of gynecological diseases among married women in Duchang County, and to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of gynecological diseases. Methods: A total of 10 000 married women aged 25-59 years from 10 villages and towns in Duchang County were randomly selected to carry out a general survey of gynecological diseases. A uniform form was drawn up. Professional medical staff asked for a unified history, filled in the medical history, and supervised the above physicians for gynecological examination. Routine tests, cervical cytology, pelvic B-ultrasound, gynecological examination suspicious line colposcopy, colposcopy abnormalities were performed histopathological examination. Results: A total of 8 011 cases of gynecological diseases were detected among 10 000 subjects, the prevalence was 80.11%. The prevalence of chronic cervicitis in gynecological common diseases ranks the first among 4970 cases, with a prevalence of 49.70%; followed by 4 590 cases of vaginitis with a prevalence of 45.90%; 314 cases of uterine fibroids with a prevalence of 3.14%; 181 cases of mass, the prevalence of 1.81%; pelvic fluid in 170 cases, the prevalence of 1.70%; large vestibular cyst in 11 cases; CIN Ⅰ ~ Ⅱ 8 cases; cervical precancerous lesions in 5 cases; diagnosed early cervical cancer in 3 cases. The incidence of chronic cervicitis and vaginitis was related to age. The prevalence was highest in the 25-30 age group, which was 59.31% and 58.16%, respectively, which decreased with age (P <0.01). The prevalence of uterine fibroids in 25-30 years old was 0.89%. The prevalence of uterine fibroids was 5.34% in 41-50 years old, rising with age, but decreased to 1.66% after menopause (P <0.01). Conclusion: Reproductive tract infection is the main disease affecting women’s health. Emphasis on the general survey of gynecological diseases, systematic treatment of common diseases of gynecology, and the key intervention for women of high prevalence is to achieve gynecological diseases “three early” (early detection, Early diagnosis and early treatment), thus reducing the key to “two-rate” (morbidity and mortality) and also an important task for women’s health care.