Objective:To investigate the effect of chemoradiotherapy after surgery onⅢA stage nonsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:A total of 156 NSCLC patients undergoing total pneumonectomy or pulmonary lobectomy were included in this study.The chemotherapy group (n=75) received the protocol of cisplatin(DDP) + gemcitabine(GEM) / docetaxel(DOC) / vinorelbine (NVB);the radiotherapy + chemotherapy group(n=81) received sequential chemoradiotherapy. The response rale,local control rale in1 to 2 years,overall survival(OS),progression-free survival(PFS) and adverse reactions were evaluated.Results:The overall response rate was obviously higher in radiotherapy + chemotherapy group(79.4%) than in chemotherapy group(56.8%) (P<0.01).The 1 year local control rates for chemotherapy group and radiotherapy + chemotherapy group were(69.1±7.9)%and(77.8±8.2)%respectively and the difference reached statistical significance (P<0.001).The 2 year local control rates were(42.1±6.1%and(61.5±6.9)%respectively(P<0.001). The difference in median follow-up time between the two groups did not reach statistical meaning(P>0.05),while the median PFS of two groups were 10.8 months and 16.9 months respectively(P<0.001).1-year and 3-year survival rates were obviously higher in radiotherapy + chemotherapy group than in chemotherapy group,and the difference reached statistical significance(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The adverse reactions manifested as hematological toxicity and digestive tract reaction in the two groups.In the radiotherapy + chemotherapy group,incidences of radiation-induced esophagus injury and lung injury were 24.7%and 34.6%respectively,all occurring within 2 to 6 weeks after the start of radiation and both below grade 2.Conclusions: Chemoradiotherapy after surgery can improve local control rate and reduce or prevent distant metastasis,but there are still many controversies.In clinical work,we should carefully evaluate each patient’s age,lung function,basic physical condilion scoring and complications to choose a therapeutic schedule that is suitable for the patient. Objective: To investigate the effect of chemoradiotherapy after surgery on Ⅲ A stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A total of 156 NSCLC patients undergoing total pneumonectomy or pulmonary lobectomy were included in this study. Chemotherapy group (n = 75) received the protocol of cisplatin (DDP) + gemcitabine (GEM) / docetaxel (DOC) / vinorelbine (NVB); the radiotherapy + chemotherapy group (n = 81) received sequential chemoradiotherapy. The response rale, local control rale in 1 to 2 years, overall survival Results: The overall response rate was obviously higher in radiotherapy + chemotherapy group (79.4%) than in chemotherapy group (56.8%) (P <0.01). 1 year local control rates for chemotherapy group and radiotherapy + chemotherapy group were (69.1 ± 7.9)% and (77.8 ± 8.2)% respectively and the difference reached statistical significance (P <0.001). The 2 year local control rates were (42.1 ± 6.1% and (61.5 ± 6.9)% respectively (P <0.001). The difference in median follow-up time between the two groups did not reach statistical significance (P> 0.05), while the median PFS of two groups were 10.8 months and 16.9 months respectively (P <0.001) .1 -year and 3-year survival rates were obviously higher in radiotherapy + chemotherapy group than in chemotherapy group, and the difference reached statistical significance (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The adverse reactions manifested as hematological toxicity and digestive tract reaction in the two groups.In the radiotherapy + chemotherapy group, incidences of radiation-induced esophagus injury and lung injury were 24.7% and 34.6% respectively, all occurring within 2 to 6 weeks after the start of radiation and both below grade 2. Conclusions: Chemoradiotherapy after surgery can improve local control rate and reduce or prevent distant metastasis, but there are still many controversies. clinical work, we should carefully evaluate each patient’s age, lung function, basic physical condilion scoring and com plicatTo choose a therapeutic schedule that is suitable for the patient.