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炭疽芽孢杆菌是人畜共患病炭疽的病原菌。目前,对炭疽杆菌2个毒力大质粒(编码主要毒力基因的pXO1与编码合成荚膜基因的pXO2)的研究比较深入;炭疽杆菌细胞壁与荚膜间还存在一种蛋白性质的类晶体(paracrystalline)结构:S-层(surface-layer,表层)结构。炭疽杆菌的S-层蛋白主要为表面排列蛋白(surface array pro-tein,Sap)和胞外抗原1(extracellular antigen 1,EA1),此外,在炭疽杆菌中还存在其他一些与S-层相关的蛋白,了解这些蛋白的相互作用及免疫机制对深入认识炭疽杆菌的致病机制具有重要意义。本文将就近年来关于炭疽杆菌S-层蛋白成分、与细胞壁的连接、S-层基因的调控、致病性及其与宿主免疫机制的关系等方面的研究进展做一简要综述。
Bacillus anthracis is a pathogen of zoonotic anthrax. At present, two virulence plasmids of Bacillus anthracis (pXO1 encoding the major virulence gene and pXO2 encoding the synthetic capsular gene) are studied in depth. There is also a protein-like crystal between Bacillus anthracis cell wall and capsule paracrystalline Structure: S-layer (surface-layer) structure. The S-layer proteins of B. anthracis are mainly surface array pro-tein (Sap) and extracellular antigen 1 (EA1). In addition, there are other S-layer related proteins in Bacillus anthracis Protein, to understand the interaction of these proteins and immune mechanisms to understand the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis is of great significance. In this paper, a brief review is given on the recent progress in the research on the relationship between the composition of S-layer protein of Bacillus anthracis, the connection with cell wall, the regulation of S-layer gene, the pathogenicity and the relationship with the host immune mechanism.