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目的了解2008-2012年合肥市城区儿童血铅水平、高血铅率及其动态变化趋势,为预防儿童铅中毒提供科学依据。方法每年选择合肥四个城区分层整群随机抽样;用钨舟原子吸收光谱仪测定血铅值,并进行质量控制。结果2008-2012年0~6岁儿童血铅水平为32.08μg/L,儿童高血铅率平均为1.0%;5年中儿童血铅水平有统计学意义(P<0.01),5年中儿童高血铅率差异无统计学意义(P=0.63);各年龄组儿童血铅水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),各年龄组儿童高血铅率差异无统计学意义(P=0.57);男、女童血铅水平、高血铅率差异无统计学意义。合肥市城区儿童血铅水平:包河区最高,蜀山区最低,瑶海、庐阳处于中间水平;高血铅相关危险因素主要包括:不清洗玩具,饭前不洗手,不食用奶制品,不补充钙、锌、铁剂。结论合肥市儿童血铅水平处于相对污染较轻地区,要加强健康教育,促进儿童建立良好的生活行为方式。
Objective To understand the blood lead levels, blood lead levels and their trends in children in urban areas of Hefei from 2008 to 2012, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention of childhood lead poisoning. Methods Hefei four urban districts were randomly selected stratified cluster sampling; blood lead levels were determined by Tungsten boat atomic absorption spectrometry and quality control. Results The level of blood lead was 32.08 μg / L in children aged 0-6 years and the average rate of high blood lead in children was 1.0% in 2008-2012. The level of blood lead in children was statistically significant in 5 years (P <0.01) (P = 0.63). There was a significant difference in blood lead levels between children of all ages (P <0.01), but there was no significant difference in blood lead levels among children of all ages (P = 0.57 ); Male and female blood lead levels, high blood lead rate was no significant difference. Hefei city children’s blood lead levels: the highest in Baohe District, Shushan lowest, Yaohai, Luyang at the middle level; high blood lead related risk factors include: do not wash toys, do not wash your hands before meals, do not eat dairy products, do not add Calcium, zinc, iron. Conclusion The level of blood lead in children in Hefei is in a relatively less polluted area. Health education should be strengthened so that children can establish a good living behavior.