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土壤风蚀是蒙古高原北部典型草原区土地退化的主导因素之一.运用137Cs核素示踪技术对蒙古国巴彦淖尔、哈拉和林的不同牧场和弃耕地土壤风蚀速率进行了研究.巴彦淖尔草原牧场、割草场采样点土壤风蚀速率在64.58~169.07t·km-2·a-1之间,均为微度侵蚀水平.哈拉和林弃耕地年均土壤风蚀厚度4.05mm·a-1,风蚀速率为6723.06t·km-2·a-1,达强度侵蚀水平,自20世纪60年代开垦以来,表层土壤累计风蚀损失17.4cm.牧场和弃耕地风蚀速率的差异表明,在蒙古高原北部典型草原区,人为翻动表土,发展种植业,会导致严重的土壤风蚀发生,而传统牧业生产方式对土壤表层扰动较少,未导致破坏性的土壤风蚀发生,对维持生态系统稳定性有重要作用.
Wind erosion is one of the dominant factors of land degradation in the typical steppe area in the northern Mongolian Plateau. The 137Cs radionuclides were used to study the wind erosion rates of different pastures and abandoned cultivated soils in Bayannaoal, Hala and Lam in Mongolia. The erosion rate of soil erosion in the pasture grassland and mowing grassland ranged from 64.58 to 169.07t · km-2 · a-1 in the grassland, all of which were micro-erosion levels.The average annual wind erosion thickness of the abandoned lands in Hara and forest was 4.05mm · a- 1, the wind erosion rate is 6723.06t · km-2 · a-1, reaching the level of intensity erosion, since the reclamation in the 1960s, the cumulative erosion loss of surface soil was 17.4cm.The difference in wind erosion rates between pastureland and abandoned farmland indicated that in the Mongolian Plateau In the typical northern prairie area, the artificial turning of the topsoil and the development of planting industry will lead to serious soil erosion. However, the traditional animal husbandry mode has less disturbances on the soil surface and does not lead to destructive soil erosion. To maintain the stability of the ecosystem, Important role.