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蕾切尔·霍兰德的《小说伦理学:晚期维多利亚小说中的叙事好客》以列维纳斯的好客伦理学为研究视角,重点分析了几部英国晚期维多利亚现实主义小说在主题和形式上所表现出的向现代主义过渡的特征,试图从伦理批评的角度对这种转变做出解释。霍兰德认为,随着英国社会在19世纪末陷入重重危机,以同情为基础的现实主义小说伦理观逐渐解体,并被现代主义的好客伦理观所取代。后者承认知识的限度,并尊重现实的不确定性。不同的小说伦理观产生了不同的叙事主题和形式,折射出作家在小说如何发挥伦理功能这个问题上的思考。本书对于我们重新认识现实主义和现代主义小说的伦理取向、以及小说的伦理责任等问题均有很好的启发。
Rachel Holland’s “Novel Ethics: Narrative Hospitality in Late Victorian Novels” takes Levinas’ hospitable ethics as a research perspective, and focuses on the analysis of the themes and forms of several British late Victorian realist novels The characteristics shown in the transition to modernism are attempts to explain this shift from the perspective of ethical criticism. According to Hollander, as British society fell into serious crisis at the end of the 19th century, the sympathetic-based realistic ethics of the novel gradually disintegrated and was replaced by modernist hospitality ethics. The latter recognizes the limits of knowledge and respects the uncertainty of reality. Different ethics of fiction have given rise to different themes and forms of narration, reflecting the writer’s thinking on how the novel can play an ethical role. This book is very good for us to re-understand the ethical orientation of realism and modernist novels, as well as ethical responsibilities of the novel and other issues.