教育作为一种重要的社会活动,历来具有明确的目的。恩格斯指出:在社会历史领域内进行活动的,全是有意识的、经过思虑或凭激情行动的追求某种目的的人;任何事情的发生都不是没有自觉的意图,没有预期的目的的。我们以往的传统管理方法是将指导及控制的权力集中在各单位的最高领导,对下面授权很少,上级领导告诉下级如何执行上级决策,而下级只一味的依赖上级的指示,因此下级的工作也就仅在执行上级的决策而 Education as an important social activity has always had a definite purpose. Engels pointed out: All those who carry out activities in the field of social history are all those who are conscious, thought-out or passionate in pursuing a certain goal; nothing happens without conscious intention or without desired purpose. Our traditional management methods in the past were to focus the power of instruction and control on the supreme leadership of all units. There are very few empowerment below. Higher level leaders tell subordinates how to perform higher level decisions. Subordinates simply rely on higher level instructions. Therefore, subordinate work It is only in the implementation of superior decision-making