Reallocation of nitrogen(N) to the photosynthetic apparatus is likely to play a crucial role in any growth increase;however,no study has been conducted to explore potential evolutionary changes in N allocation to photosynthesis versus defenses in alien invasive plant species.In a common garden experiment Reallocation of nitrogen (N) to the photosynthetic apparatus is likely to play a crucial role in any growth increase; however, no study has been conducted to explore potential evolutionary changes in N allocation to photosynthesis versus defenses in alien invasive plant species. garden experiment