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一、前言许多科学予测表明:钢材的发展趋势是“以碳素钢代替合金钢” “以普通钢铁材料代替优质稀缺材料”。实现这种代替的关键是能够用简单的方法,可靠并大幅度地提高钢铁材料的强度和韧性。过去,人们追求钢铁材料的高强度和高韧性,往往使用合金化、热处理和塑性变形等三种强化手段。现在看来,要实现上述两种代替,应主要在后两种方法上下功夫。
I. INTRODUCTION Many scientific predictions show that the trend of steel development is to “replace carbon steel with alloy steel” and replace ordinary high-quality rare-earth materials with ordinary steel materials. " The key to this substitution is to be able to reliably and dramatically increase the strength and toughness of steel materials in a simple way. In the past, people sought high strength and high toughness of steel materials, often using three kinds of strengthening means such as alloying, heat treatment and plastic deformation. It now appears that in order to achieve the above two alternatives, efforts should be mainly focused on the latter two methods.