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本文采用一台标准型车床作为机床结构振动特性分析的一个实例。用有限元法,以下简称为FEM,作为计算方法,通过简化后的薄板型有机玻璃模型结构来研究这个方法的有效性。车床的基本结构是由床身和它的支柱等构件组成的。本文说明有限元法对于分析构件和研究肋对振动特性的影响方面是个有力的工具。已经研究出一种能求出整个基本结构振动特性的方法,就是它把每个构件当作和FEM型具有同样基本固有频率的一个等价梁来描述的,这就使得把大型计算机功能和为了复杂机床结构主振型用的中型计算机功能联合起来完成计算机辅助分析变成可能。FEM用于对实际机床结构的大量分析中,再次证明这个方法是有效的。但也指出在求解支点的边界条件时还存在一些困难。一般说来,计算方法本身对机床结构有着广泛通用性。通过比较小尺寸模型和实际结构两者的试验结果,来验证这个方法的适用性。
In this paper, a standard lathe is used as an example to analyze the vibration characteristics of the machine tool structure. Using the finite element method, hereinafter abbreviated as FEM, as a calculation method, the effectiveness of this method is studied through a simplified structure of thin- sheet plexiglass models. The basic structure of a lathe is composed of a bed and its pillars and other components. This article shows that the finite element method is a powerful tool for analyzing components and studying the effect of ribs on vibration characteristics. A method has been developed to find the vibrational properties of the entire basic structure, that is, it describes each component as an equivalent beam having the same fundamental natural frequency as the FEM type, which makes the functions of the main computer and The combination of medium-sized computer functions for the main vibration mode of a complex machine tool structure makes it possible to perform computer-aided analysis. FEM is used in a large number of analyses of actual machine tool structures to prove once again that this method is effective. However, it also pointed out that there are still some difficulties in solving the fulcrum boundary conditions. In general, the calculation method itself has a wide range of versatility for machine tool structures. The applicability of this method is verified by comparing the experimental results of both the small-size model and the actual structure.