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绪言本报告的第一部分(15),提出由于某些机制作用的存在,它使降雨和垂直入渗都不直线地渗入土壤。它们产生水平分流,它与坡率、降雨以及一些土壤各向异性系数等成比例。这些机制作用可解释水文学、冲蚀和土壤形成等方面的若干现象。应进一步详述的是,过去对这些现象已经做了很多的观测,一些研究人员已有明确的纪录。必须特别提出的是J.D.休利特和他的合作者的研究成果(8,9)。他们报导了两个基本观测成果。其一“这是很少怀疑的,从森林和荒地产生的最大洪流分量开始于地表流。有时表层流也和地表流具有同意语,但在其它的时间,表层流是指高于地下水面的任何一种不垂直的地下流。”其二“河槽的降水量首先是由提供水量的地面和地下面积的扩大来增加水
INTRODUCTION The first part of the report (15) proposes that neither precipitation nor vertical infiltration into the soil due to the action of some mechanisms. They produce horizontal shunts that are proportional to slope, rainfall, and some soil anisotropy coefficients. These mechanisms can explain a number of phenomena in hydrology, erosion and soil formation. It should be further elaborated that many observations have been made on these phenomena in the past and some researchers have a clear record. Special mention must be made of the findings of J. D. Hewlett and his collaborators (8, 9). They reported two basic observations. First, “It is seldom in doubt that the largest component of the torrent produced from forests and wasteland begins with surface currents, and sometimes surface currents are also in agreement with surface currents, but at other times surface currents are above groundwater Any non-vertical underground flow. ”Second" Precipitation in the channel is primarily the increase in water by the expansion of ground and subsurface areas that provide water