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本文以农业部的固定观察点调查和中国经济研究中心的补充调查数据为基础,以宗教为切入点,考察了中国村庄的公共品投资行为。结果发现,(1)相比没有宗教信仰的村庄,信教村庄的公共品投资额将更高,而且这一影响主要体现在农村道路、电力等满足人们基本生活水平的基础设施项目上。使用“历史上的宗教活动场所数量”和“村周边大城市的开埠历史”作为工具变量,这一正向影响仍然显著。(2)基督教信仰对公共品投资有促进作用,而其他所有宗教类别的影响不明显。(3)在信徒数量、参与宗教活动越多的村庄中,宗教对公共品投资的促进作用会越大。这些结果从侧面强调了宗教的组织性功能,特别是基督教通过有规律的宗教活动参与,可以将个体信仰转化为集体行动。
Based on the Ministry of Agriculture’s Fixed Observation Point Survey and the China Center for Economic Research’s supplementary survey data, this article takes religion as the starting point and examines the Chinese villages’ public goods investment behavior. The results showed that: (1) The investment in public goods in religious villages will be higher than that in villages without religious beliefs, and this impact is mainly reflected in infrastructure projects such as rural roads and electricity which meet people’s basic living standards. Using the “number of historical places of religious activity” and “the history of metropolitan ports around the village” as a tool variable, the positive effect is still significant. (2) Christian faith has a positive effect on public goods investment, while the impact of all other religious categories is not obvious. (3) The larger the number of believers and the more villages engaging in religious activities, the greater the role of religion in promoting investment in public goods. These results emphasize the organizational function of religion from the side. In particular, Christian participation through regular religious activities can turn individual faith into collective action.