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黄疸是由胆红素代谢异常所引起的一种临床症状。正常血液中总胆红素浓度为0.2—1克毫%,包括直接胆红素0.03—0.2毫克%。若成人和儿童的血清胆红素增加到2毫克%,新生儿增加到4毫克%,则巩膜、粘膜及皮肤即可显出黄染,临床上统称为黄疸,亦称为高胆红素血症。此症在新生儿期颇为常见,它既可以是生理现象,又可以是多种疾病的重要症状。新生儿期病理性黄疸的原因十分复杂,严重者可发生核黄疸(胆红素脑病)而致死亡,幸存者亦常留有严重的后遗症。因此,了解新生儿黄疸的原因、诊断与处理有重要的临床意义。正常胆红素代谢一、胆红素的来源和形成
Jaundice is a clinical symptom caused by abnormal metabolism of bilirubin. The normal blood total bilirubin concentration of 0.2-1 g ml%, including direct bilirubin 0.03-0.2 mg%. If adults and children with serum bilirubin increased to 2 mg%, newborns increased to 4 mg%, then the sclera, mucous membranes and skin to show yellow dye, clinically collectively referred to as jaundice, also known as hyperbilirubinemia disease. This disease is quite common in the neonatal period, it can be a physiological phenomenon, but also can be an important symptom of a variety of diseases. The causes of neonatal pathological jaundice is very complicated, severe cases may lead to kernicterus (bilirubin encephalopathy) and cause death, survivors often have serious sequelae. Therefore, to understand the causes of neonatal jaundice, diagnosis and treatment have important clinical significance. Normal bilirubin metabolism A, the source and formation of bilirubin