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针对轮船运输货物的特殊环境以及硫精矿自身的物理化学性质,对船运硫精矿系统的安全问题进行深入分析。概述了硫精矿的主要物理化学性质,包括易氧化自热性、易流态化、腐蚀性等。着重分析了火灾爆炸、轮船沉没及中毒窒息3种典型船运硫精矿事故的发生机理。运用事故树分析法构建了船运硫精矿系统典型事故演变的事故树。结果表明,引发硫精矿各种典型事故的基本原因事件有18个、条件事件5个、最小割集17个,其中海浪打击及船体主机振动2个基本原因事件对顶上事件发生的影响程度最大,其次是硫精矿的氧化自热性。最后从抑制硫精矿氧化、密闭船舱,以及加强船体防腐及通风管理等方面提出了具体的安全措施来预防和控制典型事故的发生。
Aiming at the special environment of cargoes transported by ships and the physicochemical properties of sulfur concentrates themselves, the safety issues of the sulfur concentrates system of ships are analyzed in depth. The main physico-chemical properties of sulfur concentrates are summarized, including easily oxidized autothermal, easily fluidized, corrosive and so on. Focus on the analysis of the fire explosion, the ship sank and poisoning suffocation three kinds of typical sulfur concentrate production mechanism. The accident tree of the typical accident evolution of the ship sulfur concentrates system was constructed by accident tree analysis. The results show that there are 18 basic events, 5 conditional events, 17 least cut sets, and the impact of two basic causes such as wave strike and hull host vibration on the overhead event The largest, followed by oxidation of sulfur concentrate autothermal. Finally, it puts forward specific safety measures to prevent and control the typical accident from inhibiting the oxidation of sulfur concentrate, airtight cabin and strengthening the anti-corrosion and ventilation management of the hull.