中近东各国都是农业国,工业很不发达。仅土耳其、伊朗、埃及、伊拉克和以色列等国有为数不多的、主要属於外国公司的工业企业。在这些国家里,农村人口约占全部居民的百分之八十五,城市人口只占百分之十五。封建地主的土地占有制,是中近东各国的农业基础。农业无产阶级占这些国家农村人口的绝大部分。地主占有百分之七十到八十的可耕地,而百分之九十到九十五的农民只拥有可耕地的百分之二十到三十。根据埃及的统计材料,全部耕地中,只有三分之一属於百分之九十四的农户。百分之七十到八十的农民都是无地和少地的。雇农数目的在三百万以 All countries in the Middle East are agricultural countries and industries are underdeveloped. Only a handful of countries, such as Turkey, Iran, Egypt, Iraq and Israel, have industrial enterprises that are mainly foreign-owned companies. In these countries, the rural population accounts for about 85% of the total population and the urban population only 15%. The feudal landowners’ land tenure system is the agricultural basis for all countries in the Middle East. The agricultural proletariat accounts for the vast majority of the rural population in these countries. The landlords occupy 70% to 80% of the arable land, while 90% to 95% of the farmers own only 20% to 30% of the arable land. According to the statistics of Egypt, only one third of the total arable land belongs to 94% of the households. Seventy to eighty percent of the peasants are landless and few land. The number of hired farmers is over three million