本文从韩国发展的经验教训说明，后发国家采取政府主导的出口导向型非均衡增长战略成功的关键在于建设高效、公正的公共行政管理体系．这样管理体系主要由三部分构成：成就取向的领导人；高效的组织机构；高效的公务员队伍．在发展过程中为了克服政府主导不当所造成的负效应，还应当加快建立金融、劳动力要素市场体系． This article from the experience and lessons of the development of South Korea shows that the key to succeeding countries in adopting a government-led export-oriented unbalanced growth strategy lies in building an efficient and fair public administration management system. This management system is mainly composed of three parts: the leader of the achievement orientation; an efficient organization and an efficient civil servant team. In the process of development, in order to overcome the negative effect caused by the government’s misconduct, we should speed up the establishment of a market system of financial and labor factors.