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一、序言世界上最早的计算机检索系统是在1954年由美国海军兵器中心图书馆建立的。当时使用的是 IBM701型电子计算机,成功地建立了世界上第一个文献检索系统。图书馆自动化从本世纪60年代开始从美国兴起。美国国会图书馆在1961年着手研制 MARC 系统,1969年3月开始向国内外公开发行 MARCⅡ磁带版目录,逐渐发展成为世界上数量最大、流行最广的机读目录资源。三十多年来,从世界范围来看,图书馆自动化经历了机械化、计算机化和网络化
I. Introduction The earliest computer retrieval system in the world was established by the U.S. Naval Weapons Center Library in 1954. At the time it was the IBM 701 computer, which successfully established the world’s first document retrieval system. Library automation has risen from the United States since the 1960s. The Library of Congress started to develop the MARC system in 1961. In March 1969, the MARC II tape catalog was released to the public at home and abroad and gradually developed into the largest and most popular machine-readable directory resource in the world. For more than three decades, from a worldwide perspective, library automation has undergone mechanization, computerization and networking