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采用参与式乡村评估方法,对江西省龙南县足洞矿区的107户居民进行了随机抽样调查,以了解矿区居民对稀土开采及其对生态环境影响的认知程度,为政府制定相关政策提供参考。调查研究表明,虽然稀土矿开发对矿区居民收入增长的贡献不大,但矿区居民对当前国家实施的保护性开采稀土的政策表示理解和支持。绝大多数受访对象都认为稀土开采会对当地生态环境造成严重影响,但只有不到3成的人在稀土开采时会考虑采取措施防止破坏生态环境。正确处理稀土开采与环境保护的关系,应该充分尊重矿区居民的利益诉求,注重发挥矿区居民的环境监管作用,强化稀土资源可持续利用宣传教育,切实落实企业在矿山生态恢复治理中的责任。
By using the method of participatory rural appraisal, 107 households of Zhaodong mining area in Longnan County of Jiangxi Province were randomly sampled to understand the cognition degree of mine residents on the rare earth mining and its impact on the ecological environment, and provide reference for the government to formulate relevant policies . Investigation and research show that although the development of rare earth mine has little contribution to the income growth of the residents in the mining area, the residents of the mining area have expressed their understanding and support for the current policies of the State for the protective exploitation of rare earth. The vast majority of respondents believe that rare earth mining will have a serious impact on the local ecological environment, but less than 3% of people in rare earth mining will consider taking measures to prevent damage to the environment. Correctly handling the relationship between rare earth mining and environmental protection, we should fully respect the interest demands of residents in mining areas, pay attention to the environmental supervision of residents living in mining areas, strengthen publicity and education on the sustainable utilization of rare earth resources, and earnestly fulfill the responsibilities of enterprises in the ecological restoration and management of mines.