论文部分内容阅读
一、现代空间科学技术的发展空间科学技术是建立在近代物理学、化学、天文学等许多学科基础上的综合性的前沿科学技术。它涉及众多科学技术领域,包括各类航天飞行器的设计、制造、发射和应用。这些航天飞行器有性能各异、规模宏大的火箭,各种功能的人造地球卫星、载人飞船和航天飞机,供人们长时间在空间进行观察和实验的空间实验室或空间站;正在研制或设想中的空间工厂和太阳能电站,飞向其他行星甚至冲出太阳系的各种星际探测器等。它是探索、开发和利用太空以及地球以外天体的综合性工程。空间系统大致包括航天器、航天运输系统、航天器发射场、航天测控数据采集网和用户设备系统等。空间技术的诞生是以1957年原苏联发射世界上第一颗人造卫星为标志的。60年代进入初期应用阶段,70年代以来进入广泛的应用阶段。截至1996年底,世界上13
I. Development of Modern Space Science and Technology Space Science and technology is a comprehensive frontier science and technology based on many disciplines such as modern physics, chemistry and astronomy. It covers many fields of science and technology, including the design, manufacture, launching and application of various spacecraft. These spacecraft have different performance, large-scale rockets, artificial earth satellites of various functions, manned spacecraft and space shuttle, space laboratory or space station for people to observe and experiment for a long time in space; under development or envisaged Space plants and solar power plants, fly to other planets and even out of the solar system of various interplanetary detectors. It is a comprehensive project to explore, develop and make use of space and objects beyond Earth. Space systems generally include spacecraft, space transportation systems, spacecraft launch site, space flight data acquisition and control network and user equipment systems. The birth of space technology was marked by the launch of the former Soviet satellite in 1957 by the Soviet Union as the world’s first satellite. 60s into the initial application stage, since the 70s into a wide range of applications. As of the end of 1996, the world 13