在全反射棱镜式激光陀螺中,谐振腔应力的来源较复杂,应力过大将影响陀螺精度。基于棱镜材料在应力作用下介电常数变化,利用琼斯矩阵和弹光效应理论,系统研究了应力双折射效应对陀螺实际输出的影响,计算获得棱镜布儒斯特角位置反射光、透射光的能量场分布,解释了反射光斑中出现干涉条纹的原因。通过改变应力场分布函数,具体模拟棱镜与腔体光胶面内存在均匀梯度应力场、集中点应力场、复杂应力场时棱镜反射光强分布情况。进行相关实验验证了模拟结果的正确性,提出设计了一种工程化的棱镜及相关产品应力检测工装。 In the total reflection prism laser gyroscope, the source of cavity stress is more complicated, the stress is too large will affect the gyro accuracy. Based on the change of dielectric constant of prism material under stress, the effect of stress birefringence on the actual output of the gyroscope is systematically studied by using the Jones matrix and the theory of catastrophe effect, and the position reflected light and transmitted light of the prism Brewster angle The distribution of the energy field explains the reason why interference fringes appear in the reflected light spot. By changing the distribution function of stress field, we can simulate the distribution of prism reflected light intensity in uniform graded stress field, concentrated stress field and complex stress field in prism and cavity. Experiments were carried out to verify the correctness of the simulation results and to propose an engineering stress testing tool for prisms and related products.