提出了一种基于遗传算法的多层布线有约束通孔优化算法．算法允许通孔打在任意两层之间，并使得通孔不在它所穿过的层上与其它线网相交．通过在适应度函数中附加惩罚项，算法将有约束通孔优化问题转换为无约束通孔优化问题．同时采取面向线段的交配操作和面向线网的交配操作相结合的方式加快了算法的收敛速度．另外，自然编码方式与期望值选择机制也提高了算法的执行效率．实验结果表明本算法不仅优化效果好，而且收敛稳定和快速 A multi-layer routing constrained through-hole optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithm is proposed. The algorithm allows the through-hole to be placed between any two layers, with the through-hole not intersecting the other wires at the layer through which it passes. By adding penalties to the fitness function, the algorithm transforms constrained via optimization into unconstrained via optimization. At the same time, the convergence speed of the algorithm is accelerated by the combination of face-oriented mating operation and face-oriented mating operation. In addition, the natural coding method and expectation value selection mechanism also improve the efficiency of the algorithm. Experimental results show that this algorithm not only optimizes the effect, but also has stable and fast convergence