我国改革开放的三十年,也是城市化快速发展的三十年。生活在城市的人口翻了几番,工业用水、居民生活用水成倍增长,使得城市水资源管理面临严峻考验。城市水文学正是在这个大背景下应运而生。本文对城市水文学的提出、研究内容以及城市水文的特点等进行了说明,并重点探讨了城市水文学在城市水资源规划、管理中的重要作用。 Thirty years of China’s reform and opening up are also three decades of rapid urbanization. The population living in urban areas has doubled, industrial water consumption and residential water consumption doubled, making urban water management facing a severe test. It is in this context that urban hydrology came into being. In this paper, the author put forward the urban hydrology, the research content as well as the characteristics of the urban hydrology, and so on. It also focuses on the important role of urban hydrology in urban water resources planning and management.