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不同耕作和轮耕制对作物产量反应的信息对决定一个区域或地区特定生产系统的适应性是必要的。本试验旨在确定在玉米单作和玉米—大豆轮作情况下,连续耕作和轮耕顺序对残茬复盖、土壤水分和籽粒产量的影响。在5年试验期间,对传统的连续耕作(简称CT),连续免耕(NT),或每隔一年的CT和NT轮耕效果进行了评估。试验地的土壤为:在Piedmont地区的为砂粘壤复区,其中在Rion的为细砂壤质,热带典型弱发育湿润老成土,在Pacolet的为含高岭石的粘质热带典型高岭弱发育湿润老成土。海岸平原地区Eunola的为硅质细砂壤质,热带潮湿的弱发育湿润老成土。在Piedmont区,NT处理的玉米5年平均产量比CT高27%(1.15Mg·ha~(-1));但在海岸平原区则只高4%(0.32Mg·ha~(-1))。在Piedmont区,连续的NT处理玉米产量,4年中有2年比CT—NT轮耕处理的高。NT处理玉米产量的提高与土壤有效含水量的增加有关,这主要由于土表玉米秆残茬的覆盖使这个容易结壳的土壤水分入渗提高了。而且,NT处理的大豆产量在5年期间增加5%,而在海岸平原区则不受耕作的影响。在这两个试验区,轮作对玉米产量均没有影响。结果表明,连续NT处理是应该值得在Piedmont的旱地土壤上推广的一种耕作制。
Information on the response of different tillage and rotation systems to crop yields is necessary to determine the suitability of a particular production system in a region or region. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of sequential tillage and rotary tillage sequences on stubble cover, soil moisture and grain yield in maize monocropping and maize-soybean rotation. During the five-year trial, conventional continuous tillage (CT), continuous no-tillage (NT), or every other year CT and NT rotation were evaluated. The test soils were: sand and clay complex in the Piedmont area, with fine sandy loam in Rion, weakly developed moist tropical soils, and typical kaolinite-containing kaolinite in Pacolet Weak development of wet mature soil. Eunola in the coastal plains is siliceous sandy loamy, tropical wet and weakly developed wet-aged loam. In the Piedmont area, the 5-year average yield of NT-treated corn was 27% (1.15Mg · ha -1) higher than that of CT, but only 4% (0.32Mg · ha -1) higher in coastal plain areas . In the Piedmont area, continuous NT-maize production was higher for 2 years in 4 years than CT-NT round-tillage. The increase in yield of NT-treated maize was related to the increase of soil available water content, mainly due to the increased soil moisture infiltration of the easily crusting soil covered by the stubble of soil corn stover. Moreover, the yield of NT-treated soybeans increased by 5% over five years, while in the coastal plains it was unaffected by tillage. In both plots, rotation did not affect maize yield. The results show that continuous NT treatment is a farming system that deserves to be promoted on dry land soils in Piedmont.