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1．列宁说:“在多数情况下,至少在现代的文明国家内,阶级通常是由政党来领导的。”P．71(1)“现代的文明国家”是指建立了民主政治制度由政党掌握政权的国家,即资本主义国家和社会主义国家,不包括古代的君主制国家和现代的极少数没有政党和禁止政党活动的国家、“政教合一”的国家、“军人统治的国家。”(2)“阶级通常是由政党来领导的”,这句话包含两层意思:一层是政党与阶级的关系,另一层是政党与国家政权的关系。随着生产力的发展,私有制的产生,原来的人类共同体就演变为阶级社会。到了近代由于社会化大生产的形成和民主政治制度的建立,就产生了政党。政党是由一定阶级或阶层中最积极最活跃的分子所组成的,是阶级斗争的产物,阶级是政党产生的
1. Lenin said: “In most cases, classes are usually led by political parties, at least in modern civilized countries.” 71 (1) “Modern civilized countries” refers to the countries that have established a democratic political system in which political parties hold power, that is, capitalist countries and socialist countries, excluding ancient monarchy and a very small number of modern non-political parties and banned political parties. The active state, the “state of politics and religion”, and the “military ruled country.” (2) “The class is usually led by political parties.” This sentence contains two meanings: The first level is the relationship between political parties and classes. The other layer is the relationship between political parties and state power. With the development of productivity and the emergence of private ownership, the original human community evolved into a class society. In modern times, due to the formation of socialized large-scale production and the establishment of a democratic political system, political parties have emerged. The political party is composed of the most active and active members of a certain class or class. It is a product of class struggle. The class is produced by political parties.