毕业论文在本科教育中占有重要地位,它为学生提供了一个了解学术前沿、接触现代实验设备、培养科研能力的机会。地质类本科毕业论文教学以知识的主动获取和以科学问题为导向的多学科横向融合为特征,具体划分为论文选题、野外研究、室内研究与资料综合处理、论文撰写与答辩4个阶段。其中,选题、获取新证据、结论求证、成果表达是4个最重要的环节。科研能力培养作用分析表明,各环节的能力培养侧重点是不同的。选题环节重点培养文献检索与资料分析能力、逻辑推理能力和问题认知能力。新资料获取环节强调野外地质现象识别能力、问题解决能力培养。结论求证环节培养学生的逻辑推理能力、资料分析能力。成果表达环节则重点训练学生的语言表达能力及逻辑分析能力。这些认识为建立定量化的毕业论文质量控制体系提供了科学依据。 Graduation thesis plays an important role in undergraduate education. It provides students with an opportunity to understand the academic frontiers, access to modern laboratory equipment and cultivate scientific research capabilities. Geological subject graduation thesis teaching is characterized by the active acquisition of knowledge and multidisciplinary horizontal integration oriented by the science problem. It is divided into four stages: thesis selection, field research, indoor research and data synthesis, thesis writing and defense. Among them, the topics, access to new evidence, the conclusion of proof, the result is the expression of the four most important aspects. Analysis of the cultivation of scientific research capabilities shows that the ability to focus on all aspects of training are different. Selected topics focus on training document retrieval and data analysis capabilities, logical reasoning ability and cognitive problems. The new data acquisition links emphasize the ability of field geology identification and problem solving. Conclusion Evidence links students to develop logical reasoning ability, data analysis. The results of the expression session focuses on training students’ language skills and logical analysis. These understandings provide a scientific basis for establishing a quantitative quality control system for graduation thesis.