本文报告先天性肾积水28例35只肾。手术治疗26例,31只肾,34次,其中肾盂输尿管成形术17次,Calp 术式2次,Anderson—Hynes术式15次,成功率82.4％。讨论了病因、诊断、积水肾保留指征、手术方式的选择。根据本组资料提示病因以先天性为主,认为 Anderson—Hynes术式适用于大多数病人。经按年龄分析认为儿童应及早手术;成人,尤其是肾输尿管功能异常性梗阻可严密随访。 This article reports 28 cases of congenital hydronephrosis 35 kidneys. Surgical treatment of 26 cases, 31 kidney, 34 times, including pyeloplasty 17 times, Calp surgery 2 times, Anderson-Hynes operation 15 times, the success rate of 82.4%. Discussed the etiology, diagnosis, hydronephrosis, renal reserve indications, the choice of surgical approach. According to this group of data suggest that the cause of congenital, that Anderson-Hynes surgery for most patients. By age analysis that children should be as early as surgery; adult, especially renal dysfunction ureter obstruction can be closely followed.