牙齿疾患是引起头颈部感染的常见原因,及时的牙科治疗控制了绝大多数牙源性感染。某些牙源性感染发生扩散,在邻近的筋膜间隙内形成脓腔,采用适当的引流,大多数病例可以恢复。少数牙源性感染,可发生猛烈的暴发性感染,导致较多的并发症甚至死亡。这种暴发性牙源性感染最初表现类似于间隙感染,主要有三个类型:1.呼吸道阻塞;2.坏死性筋膜炎;3.迅速扩散到邻近区域,如眼眶、颅内、纵隔、胸。呼吸道症状是头颈部感染最常见的并发症,典型的伴有Ludwig's咽峡炎,这种牙源性感染从下颌磨牙穿破下颌骨舌侧骨皮质,侵犯到双侧舌下、颌下、颏下间隙,这些区域的水肿使舌抬高并后坠,产生呼吸道阻塞。牙源性眼眶感染或失明是由同侧严重的上颌窦炎或筛窦炎所引起,上颌磨牙的根尖常位 Tooth disease is a common cause of head and neck infections, timely dental treatment controls the vast majority of odontogenic infections. Some of the odontogenic infections have spread, forming an abscess in the adjacent fascia, with proper drainage, and most cases can recover. A small number of odontogenic infections can occur violent outbreaks of infection, leading to more complications and even death. This outbreak of odontogenic infections initially manifests itself as interstitial infection with three major types: 1. Respiratory obstruction; 2. Necrotizing fasciitis; 3. Rapid spread to adjacent areas such as the orbital, intracranial, mediastinum, and chest . Respiratory symptoms are the most common complication of head and neck infections and are typically associated with Ludwig's angina, an odontogenic infection that penetrates the lingual cortical bone of the mandible from the mandibular molars and inflates into both sublingual, submandibular, Submental space, edema in these areas elevates the tongue and falls, causing obstruction of the airways. Odontogenic orbital infection or blindness caused by the same side of the maxillary sinusitis or ethmoid sinusitis caused by maxillary molar root apex