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1984年12月3日凌晨,美国联合碳化物公司在印度博帕尔市的一家农药厂,发生大量毒气泄漏事故,至少造成全市70万人口中17万人中毒,1,400人死亡,数万人失明,成为历史上最严重的一次工业性化学中毒事故。一次毒物外逸为何能引起如此严重的后果?应从中吸取什么教训?这是毒理学、职业卫生学、劳动保护和环境医学同行所关注的问题。以下仅从异氰酸甲酯特性、事故原因和值得记取的教训三个方面,作一简要综述。
In the early hours of December 3, 1984, a large number of poisonous gas leaks occurred at a pesticide plant run by United Carbide Company in Bhopal, India, causing at least 170,000 poisoning, 1,400 deaths and tens of thousands of people in the city’s 700,000 population. , Became the most serious industrialized chemical poisoning accident in history. Why can a toxic excretion have such serious consequences? What lessons should be learned? This is a concern for toxicology, occupational hygiene, labor protection and environmental medicine. The following is only a brief overview of the characteristics of methyl isocyanate, the causes of the accident and lessons to be learned from three aspects.