东西方文化的差异曾被描述为“耻感文化”和“罪感文化”的不同。罗哲海则发现先秦思想中有一个由“知罪”转为“知耻”的发展线索。“早在公元前第一个千年里,中国人由‘知罪’转为‘知耻’的发展线索即清楚地显现出来了。”~②尽管罗哲海发现先秦文化有一个“知罪”的阶段,不过在他看来,到孔子这里,“知耻”是其思想的特色。罗哲海说 The differences between eastern and western cultures have been described as differences between “shame culture” and “guilt culture”. Luozhehai found that in the pre-Qin thoughts there was a clue to development from “sin ” to “shame ”. “As early as the first millennium BC, the clues of the development of Chinese people from ’guilty’ to ’shameless’ were clearly revealed.” 2 Although Luo found the pre-Qin culture has a “guilty conscience ”Stage, but in his view, to Confucius here, “ shame ”is the characteristics of his thought. Luo Zhehai said