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目的探讨环境污染物多氯联苯(PCBs)对斑马鱼胚胎心脏发育形态学的毒性影响。方法采用水域染毒法,将受精后4 hpf(hours post fertilization)内的斑马鱼胚胎分别暴露于质量浓度为125μg.L-1、250μg.L-1、500μg.L-1及1 000μg.L-1PCBs溶液(以甲醇为助溶剂)中,作为毒物处理组;然后设置60 mg.L-1的氯化钠溶液作为空白对照组。首先观察各个时间点不同组别斑马鱼形态学的发育差异,并统计72 hpf胚胎心脏发育异常的畸形率;其次通过心脏特异性分子标记整胚原位杂交技术从组织学水平阐述PCBs对胚胎心脏形态学发育的影响,利用amhc、vmhc、cmlc2 3个心脏特异性分子标记观察24 hpf、48 hpf斑马鱼心脏形态。结果与空白对照组比较,PCBs处理组胚胎出现发育畸形及发育延迟,尤其出现不同程度的心脏形态发育异常。可观察到PCBs处理组斑马鱼出现显著心率缓慢、心律不齐,心包水肿,心房扩张、房壁变薄,心房、心室相对位置改变。结论 PCBs对斑马鱼心脏的形态发生具有破坏作用,导致心脏发生显著的形态学缺陷,进一步导致心脏功能的缺失。
Objective To investigate the toxic effects of environmental pollutants PCBs on the morphology of zebrafish embryos. Methods The zebrafish embryo within 4 hpf (hours post fertilization) after fertilization was exposed to a concentration of 125μg.L-1,250μg.L-1,500μg.L-1 and 1 000μg.L -1PCBs solution (methanol as cosolvent), as a poison treatment group; then set 60 mg.L-1 sodium chloride solution as a blank control group. At first, we observed the morphological differences of zebrafish in different groups at different time points, and counted the deformity rate of 72-hpf embryo cardiac dysplasia.Secondly, the in situ hybridization of cardiac-specific molecular markers Morphological development, the use of amhc, vmhc, cmlc2 3 cardiac specific molecular markers 24 hpf, 48 hpf zebrafish heart morphology. Results Compared with the blank control group, PCBs-treated embryos had developmental deformities and delayed development, especially different degrees of cardiac morphological abnormalities. Can be observed in the PCBs treatment group significant slow heart rate, arrhythmia, pericardial edema, atrial expansion, wall thinning, atrial and ventricular relative position changes. Conclusion PCBs have a damaging effect on the morphology of zebrafish heart, resulting in significant morphological defects in the heart and further loss of cardiac function.