作为儒家创始人的孔子,在他一生的政治、学术与社会生涯中一直处于无可解脱的矛盾之中。他的社会理想、人生追求、学术主张与他的社会遭遇形成了极其强烈的对比与撞击,从而使孔子的思想和心态充满着矛盾,成为复杂的矛盾综合体。孔子既有平治天下的宏伟政治抱负,又为自己设下了终身为人臣的政治藩篱;他既对自己经邦治国的能力充满信心,又常常慨叹无人赏识利用这种能力;他既追求太平盛世、民众安居乐业的社会理想,又处心积虑地为巩固君主们现存的统治而出谋划策;他既要入世有为,又十分珍爱自己的“羽毛”,不肯损伤自己理想的人格形象;他既对令人望而生厌的现实痛心疾首,又必须依靠这一现实 Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, has always been in an irreconcilable conflict in his political, academic and social life. His social ideal, his pursuit of life, his academic ideas and his social encounters formed an extremely strong contrast and impact, so that Confucius’s thoughts and mentality are full of contradictions and become a complicated complex of contradictions. Confucius possessed not only the magnificent political ambitions of governing the world but also himself as the political fence for his life as a minister. He was full of confidence in his ability to govern the state through the state, and often lamented no one’s ability to utilize such abilities. He pursued peace He also wanted to make plans for the consolidation of the existing rulers of the monarchs. He not only wanted to join the WTO, but also cherished his “feathers” and refused to damage his ideal personality. The reality of people being annoyed and disgruntled has to rely on this reality