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本文研究了红壤与黄棕壤的粘粒矿物组成与土壤的表面电荷特征。红壤的粘粒矿物组成以高岭石、水云母为主,伴有一定量的14埃过渡矿物,少量的蛭石与石英;黄棕壤则以水云母、高岭石、蛭石为主,伴有少量的14埃过渡矿物和石英。测出红壤粘粒的外表面比黄棕壤的大,内表面和总表面比黄棕壤的小。红壤的表面电荷零点pH_0为3.57,黄棕壤的pH_0为3.06;钙离子的吸附使土壤的pH_0移至较低值,硫酸根离子的吸附使土壤pH_0移至较高值。红壤的净电荷零点(ZPNC)为1.55,黄棕壤的ZPNC为1.59。两种土壤的pH_0都大于其ZPNC。根据Uehara和Gillman(1980)表面电荷模式判断,两种土壤的永久电荷都为负电荷。测出的永久负电荷量,黄棕壤为每百克土8.22毫克当量,红壤为每百克土10.10毫克当量,黄棕壤每百克粘粒为17.33毫克当量,红壤每百克粘粒为15.64毫克当量。
In this paper, the clay mineral composition and soil surface charge characteristics of red soil and yellow brown soil were studied. The clay minerals in the red soil mainly consist of kaolinite and water mica with a certain amount of transitional minerals of 14 angstroms and a small amount of vermiculite and quartz. The yellow brown soil is dominated by hydrous mica, kaolinite and vermiculite. A small amount of 14 angstroms transitional minerals and quartz. It is found that the outer surface of red clay is smaller than that of yellow brown soil, and the inner surface and total surface are smaller than yellow brown soil. The surface charge of red soil pH_0 was 3.57 and the pH_0 of yellow brown soil was 3.06. The adsorption of calcium ions shifted the pH_0 of the soil to a lower value, and the adsorption of sulfate ions shifted the soil pH_0 to a higher value. The red soil has a net charge zero (ZPNC) of 1.55 and yellow brown soil has a ZPNC of 1.59. Both soil pH_0 is greater than its ZPNC. According to the surface charge model of Uehara and Gillman (1980), the permanent charge of both soils is negative. The measured permanent negative charge, yellow brown soil per hectare 8.22 milligrams equivalent, red soil is 10.10 milligrams per hectare of equivalent, yellow brown soil per hectare of clay is 17.33 milligrams, red soils per hundred grams of clay 15.64 milliequivalents.