岁岁点相似 年年题不同

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  非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),是中学英语语法学习的一个重点和难点,也是每年全国高考试题中必考的语法项目之一。尽管考点“岁岁相似”,但是,考题绝对“年年不同”。通过对2008年全国卷(2套)+13省市自主命题大纲卷(13套)+5省区课标卷(5套)的研读,现将试题中的非谓语动词考点、考题解读如下:
  
  一、动词不定式的考点与考题
  
  [考点]考查动词不定式作目的状语
  1. ——Did the book give the information you needed?
  ——Yes. But ____ it, I had to read the entire book. (北京31)
   A. to find B. find C. to be finding D. finding
  解析:答案为A。句意为:“这本书有你需要的信息吗?”“是的,但是为了找到它,我必须读完整本书。”由句意知,空格处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语,to find 是不定式表目的,故选A项。
  2. ____ the projects planned,we’ll have to work two more hours a day. (湖南30)
   A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete
  解析:答案为D。句意为:为了按计划完成这项工程,我们将必须一天多工作两个小时。这里前后分句的逻辑关系是表目的,故应用动词不定式作目的状语,to complete 是不定式表目的,故选D项。
  [考点]考查动词不定式作原因状语
  3. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. (北京32)
   A. to welcome B. welcoming
   C. to be welcomed D. welcomed
  解析:答案为C。句意为:能受到他们社团的欢迎,我感到非常荣幸。表示“受到……的欢迎”,应用被动语态。再由句式“feel+adj.+不定式”可知,这里应选不定式的被动式作原因状语,故选C项。
  4. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ____. (全国1、海南、宁夏26)
   A. to be breathed B. to breathe
   C. breathing D. being breathed
  解析:答案为B。句意为:在夏季我喜欢早起,早晨的空气闻起来是那么惬意。在句式“主语+be+形容词+to do sth.”中,当形容词是说明主语具有某种特征时,不定式不使用被动式,故选B项。常用于此结构中的形容词还有:angry, glad, happy, sorry, thankful, cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy,important, nice, pleasant等。
  [考点]考查动词不定式作定语
  5. If there’s a lot of work ____, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished. (上海33)
   A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing
  解析:答案为A。句意为:如果有许多工作要做,我愿意一直继续直到把它做完。由句意知,“许多工作”还未做,而不定式作定语表“将来”,故选A项。B项表“将来正在做”,C项表“被做完了”,D项表“正在做”,都不符合题意。
  [考点]考查动词不定式作宾语补足语
  6. The director had her assistant ____ some hot dogs for the meeting. (全国2)
   A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up
  解析:答案为C。句意为:导演要他的助手为这次会议准备一些热狗。固定结构“have+宾语+不定式(宾语补足语)”中,宾语her assistant与作宾语补足语的pick up之间是主谓关系,则用省去to的动词不定式,故选C项。而have sb./sth. doing含义为:使某人(某物)一直做……。
  [考点]考查动词不定式的固定结构
  7. The message is very important, so it is supposed ____ as soon as possible. (陕西11)
   A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending
  解析:答案为A。句意为:这个信息非常重要,因此,它应该被尽快地发出去。be supposed to be done为固定结构,意为:应该被……,故选A项。
  
  二、动名词的考点与考题
  
  [考点]考查动名词作宾语
  8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ____ alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. (湖南34)
   A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived
  解析:答案为A。句意为:苏珊想要独立于父母,她尝试着独自生活,但她并不喜欢那样,于是又搬回了家。try doing sth.意为:尝试着做某事;try to do sth.意为:努力去做某事,根据句意,选择A项。
  9. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ____ when we talked on the phone. (江西24)
   A. to promote B. having been promoted
   C. having promoted D. to be promoted
  解析:答案为B。句意为:我听说他们已经提拔了汤姆,但当我们在电话里交谈时,他没有提及自己已经被提拔的事。由句意知:mention后面缺n./doing作宾语,又由前一句可知:汤姆已经被提拔了,而后一句的主语he是汤姆,“他”与“提拔”之间应是被动关系,故选择B项。
  [考点]考查动名词作介词宾语
  10. ——They are quiet, aren’t they? (江苏29)
  ——Yes. They are accustomed ____ at meals.
   A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking
  解析:答案为D。句意为:“他们是安静的,不是吗?”“是的,他们习惯于用餐时不讲话。”be accustomed to+名词/代词/动名词,表示习惯于某事或做某事,talking作介词to的宾语,且动名词的否定式是在其前面直接加上not,故选D项。
  [考点]考查动名词作主语
  11. It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and ____ better ones of your own. (北京35)
   A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced
  解析:答案为C。句意为:考虑什么使方便食品如此受欢迎是值得的,同时介绍属于你自己的更好的方便食品也很值得。It be worth doing sth.为固定结构,doing sth.为动名词作主语,又因and连接两个相同的并列结构,前面为considering,所以后面应为introducing,故选C项。
  12. Something as simple as ____ some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure. (上海35)
   A. to drink B. drinking C. to be drinking D. drunk
  解析:答案为B。句意为:有些(像喝凉水一样简单的)事情可能会使你头脑清楚,缓解压力。由句意和结构知:may clear前缺主语,可以先排除C、D项,to drink表示“将喝”,A项也可以排除,故选B项,动名词形式作主语,表一般行为。
  
  三、分词的考点与考题
  
  [考点]考查现在分词作时间状语
  13. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ____ in the restaurant. (山东35)
   A. working B. work C. to work D. worked
  解析:答案为A。句意为:露丝新工作挣的钱是她在饭店工作的两倍。she与work存在逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词working在句中作时间状语,相当于:she had made money (when she was) working in the restaurant。
  14. ____ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. (北京24)
   A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
  解析:答案为A。句意为:看到她要去睡觉,我问是否她想要床上的那只小娃娃。see的逻辑主语为主句主语I,二者为主谓关系,故用现在分词seeing在句中表时间或原因。To see表将要发生的动作;see谓语动词;seen过去分词,表被动或完成,故选A项。
  15. ____ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (福建22)
   A. Waiting B. To wait
   C. Having waited D. To have waited
  解析:答案为C。句意为:已排队等了半小时,老人突然意识到他把支票忘在车上了。不定式一般不在句中作时间状语,而此处表时间,应用现在分词;又因为wait先于谓语动词realized之前发生,应用完成式,故选C项。
  16. ____ around the Water Cube,we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (陕西14)
   A. Having shown B. To be shown
   C. Having been shown D. To show
  解析:答案为C。句意为:被带着参观完水立方之后,我们又被带着去看2008年奥运会的鸟巢。不定式一般不在句中作时间状语,而此处缺少时间状语,应用现在分词;又we与show构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且show先于主句谓语动词take之前发生,则应用现在分词的完成被动式,故选C项。
  [考点]考查现在分词作伴随状语
  17.____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. (天津4)
   A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown
  解析:答案为C。句意为:获胜队的粉丝们把帽子抛向空中,爆发出胜利的呼喊。throw与句子主语fans之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,且throw与谓语动词let out是同时发生,因此用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。To throw不定式作状语表示目的或(意想不到的)结果;B、D项都表被动,不符合题意。
  18. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ____ to balance it. (上海30)
   A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried
  解析:答案为B。句意为:我毫无骑车经验的妹妹被发现正坐在自行车上尽力保持平衡。try与句子主语my sister之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,且try to balance it与谓语动词sit on the bicycle是同时发生,因此用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。A、C、D项都不合题意。
  19. He was busy writing a story, only ____ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. (辽宁27)
   A. to stop B. stopping
   C. to have stopped D. having stopped
  解析:答案为B。句意为:他正忙着写一个故事,只是偶尔停下来吸支烟。用stopping现在分词的一般式作伴随状语,表示伴随主要动作write所发生的次要动作。A、C项用only to do表示“意外的事或者不好的结果”,作结果状语,语意和结构都不合适;D项-ing的完成式表示动作先于谓语动词之前发生,语意和结构也都不合适。
  20. ____ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (安徽30)
   A. To work B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
  解析:答案为B。句意为:三月的一个午后走在田野里,他能感受到春天的温暖。walk与句子主语he之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,且walk in the fields与谓语动词feel the warmth of spring 是同时发生,因此用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。A、C、D项都不符合题意。
  21. We had an anxious couple of weeks ____ for the results of the experiment. (四川14)
   A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting
  解析:答案为D。句意为:我们度过了焦虑的几周,等待实验的结果。wait与句子主语we之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,且wait for the results of the experiment与谓语动词had an anxious couple of weeks 是同时发生,因此用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。A、C项为谓语动词,B项为不定式的进行式,都不符合题意。
  [考点]考查现在分词作原因状语
  22. ____ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. (浙江10)
   A. Not realized B. Not to realize
   C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized
  解析:答案为C。句意为:由于没有意识到身处险境,艾力克走进了森林的更深处。realize与句子主语Eric之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,且realize与谓语动词walk几乎是同时发生,因此用现在分词作原因状语,且现在分词的否定式是在其前面直接加上not,故选C项。Not realizing that he wasin great danger相当于原因状语从句:Because he didn’t realize that he was in great danger。
  23. ____ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
  (重庆29)
   A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed
  解析:答案为D。“我们没能通过电话联系到他们”是主动语态,且“failed to reach them on the phone”发生在“sent an email”之前,故选D项,现在分词的完成式作原因状语。
  [考点]考查过去分词作定语
  24. It is one of the funniest things ____ on the Internet so far this year. (浙江13)
   A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found
  解析:答案为D。句意为:这是今年到目前为止在互联网上被发现的最可笑的事情之一。find与所修饰名词things之间是被动关系,故排除A、C项;being found作定语表示“正在被发现”,与so far this year不符,故选D项。过去分词found相当于定语从句that have been found…。
  25. ——Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?
  (福建33)
  ——No problem.
   A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat
  解析:答案为C。句意为:“坐在教室后面的那些人能听到我的讲话吗?”“没问题。”由句意知,此处缺少的是定语,B、D项为谓语动词,不能作定语;seat常用于seat sb./oneself in/on/at…和be seated in/on/at…结构中,those后接过去分词作定语,相当于those(who are) seated at the back of the classroom的省略,故选C项。
  26. The trees ____ in the storm have been moved off the road.
  (湖南26)
   A. being blown down B. blown down
   C. blowing down D. to blow down
  解析:答案为B。句意为:那些在暴风雨中被吹倒的树已经被从马路上移开了。blow down与trees之间是动宾关系,应用被动式。blown down作定语,表示“已被吹倒”;being blown down作定语,表示“正在被吹倒”;blowing down作定语,表主动;to blow down作定语,表将来,故选B项。
  27. We finished the run in less than half the time ____. (江西28)
   A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows
  解析:答案为C。allow与所修饰名词the time之间是被动关系,故排除A、B、D项,选择C项;过去分词allowed相当于定语从句that was allowed。
  [考点]考查过去分词作宾语补足语
  28. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ____ as much as we can. (江苏34)
   A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
  解析:答案为C。句意为:为了学好英语,我们应该尽可能多地找机会听人讲英语。English与speak之间为动宾关系,因此用过去分词spoken作hear的宾语补足语,表被动,故选C项。
  [考点]考查过去分词作原因状语
  29. Ideally ____ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park Hotel is a favourite with many guests. (上海37)
   A. locating B. being located
   C. having been located D. located
  解析:答案为D。句意为:因为很理想地座落在百老汇剧院和第五大街附近,纽约花园酒店是许多客人的首选。由句意与常用结构“be located in/on/at…”可知,A项现在分词不符合题意;B项“正在位于”,C项“已经位于”都不符合题意,故选D项,相当于:Because it is ideally located for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, …。
  [考点]考查过去分词作表语
  30. Please remain ____; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (辽宁31)
   A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated
  解析:答案为B。句意为:请各位坐好,获奖者名单马上宣布。seat常用于seat sb./oneself (in/on/at…)和be seated(in/on/at…)结构中,remain是连系动词,过去分词seated相当于形容词,作它的表语,故选B项。A、C项都无此用法,如果用D项,remain to be done则表示“留待,尚待(被)……”。
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