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文章主要运用文献资料法、调查法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等,对山西省若干城市150名青少年游泳运动员、42名教练员就游泳运动训练中的伤病进行调查寻访。分析显示:(1)轻度损伤占68.5%,中度损伤占27.4%,重度损伤占4.1%。急性占38.0%,慢性占62.0%。(2)损伤发生在训练中受伤占63.0%,赛前集训占19.0%,其他时期发生损伤占18.0%。(3)损伤的类型有:关节损伤所占比例为21.0%,韧带损伤所占比例为22.0%,劳损所占比例为32.0%,肌肉拉伤占17.0%,其他损伤占8.0%。损伤位主要有:肩部、膝部、腰部、足部、颈部、手腕部、肘部。(4)造成损伤的主要原因有:自我保护意识差、医务监督不足、过度疲劳、准备活动不合理、技术动作不合理、训练安排不合理等。
In this paper, 150 young swimmers and 42 coaches in some cities of Shanxi Province were investigated for injuries in swimming training by using the methods of literature review, investigation, questionnaire, mathematical statistics and logical analysis. Analysis: (1) 68.5% mild injury, moderate injury accounted for 27.4%, severe injury accounted for 4.1%. Acute accounted for 38.0%, chronic accounted for 62.0%. (2) injuries occurred in training accounted for 63.0% injuries, pre-competition training accounted for 19.0%, injury occurred in other periods accounted for 18.0%. (3) The types of injuries were as follows: joint injury rate was 21.0%, ligament injury rate was 22.0%, strain rate was 32.0%, muscle strain was 17.0% and other injury was 8.0%. Damage mainly include: shoulder, knee, waist, foot, neck, wrist, elbow. (4) The main causes of injury are: poor awareness of self-protection, inadequate medical supervision, excessive fatigue, unreasonable preparation activities, unreasonable technical movements and unreasonable training arrangements.