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健康的环境是城市发展和人民生活的保障,城市空间扩展是影响城市生态环境变化的重要因素之一。以呼和浩特市为例,运用呼和浩特市区1977-2014年6期遥感影像数据,结合行政规划图和统计年鉴等资料,获取呼和浩特市建成区面积的变化情况。根据P-S-R模型,选取土地利用压力、经济发展状态、生态环境响应为评价指标,建立环境综合评价模型,对呼和浩特市区的环境质量进行综合评价分析。结果显示:1977-1990年,生态环境质量处于波动状态,变化不大;1990-2001年,生态环境质量开始下降,但下降速度相对较小;2001-2014年,生态环境质量开始快速下降。因此,改善生活环境是目前呼和浩特市区亟待解决的问题。
Healthy environment is the guarantee of urban development and people’s life. The expansion of urban space is one of the important factors that affect the changes of urban ecological environment. Taking Hohhot City as an example, this paper uses the remote sensing image data from 1996 to 2014 in Hohhot City, combined with administrative planning and statistical yearbook data to obtain the change of the built-up area of Hohhot. According to P-S-R model, land use pressure, economic development status and ecological environment response are selected as evaluation indexes, and comprehensive environmental assessment model is established to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the environmental quality of Hohhot. The results showed that from 1977 to 1990, the quality of ecological environment fluctuated with little change. From 1990 to 2001, the quality of ecological environment began to decline, but the rate of decline was relatively small. From 2001 to 2014, the quality of ecological environment began to decline rapidly. Therefore, to improve the living environment is the urgent problem to be solved in Hohhot.