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光学载荷是航天器的眼睛,最容易受到激光武器的杀伤,而目前地基激光武器已具备了实战能力,对光学载荷武器造成威胁。分析了激光参数及大气对地基激光武器性能的影响,介绍了激光对光学载荷的干扰和毁伤机理,分析了光学载荷的激光防护措施,包括被动防护和主动防护,比较了各防护措施的优缺点。针对具体光学载荷对不同波段视场内和视场外入射的激光进行了防护的效能评估,分析结果表明:视场内波段内的激光入射是最致命的,即使采取了被动防护措施仍可干扰光学载荷的正常工作。最后,给出了光学载荷激光防护研究方向的建议。
Optical payloads are the eyes of spacecraft and are most easily killed by laser weapons. At present, ground-based laser weapons have possessed actual combat capabilities and posed threats to optical payloads. The influence of laser parameters and atmosphere on the performance of ground-based laser weapons is analyzed. The interference and damage mechanism of laser on optical load are introduced. The laser protective measures of optical load are analyzed, including passive protection and active protection. The advantages and disadvantages of various protective measures are compared . According to the specific optical load, the effectiveness of the protection of lasers in different wavefields and outside of the field of view is evaluated. The analysis results show that laser incidence in the waveband of the field of view is the most deadly, and even passive protective measures can still interfere Optical load of the normal work. Finally, some suggestions on the research direction of optical load laser protection are given.