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沃尔特·惠特曼(Walt Whitman 1819-1892),美国最伟大的诗人,有“自由诗之父”的美誉、第一位“民主诗人”。早年惠特曼一度热心政治活动,同时潜心研究英国诗歌、《圣经》、希腊和印度经典文学作品。他自称在三十岁后跳出政党政治的漩涡,转向“精神领域的战斗”。惠特曼一生的诗歌都结集在《草叶集》名下,先后增订多达九版。然而,自1855年初版后三十多年里,美国文学界对它否定性评价始终占压倒性优势,只有爱默生、梭罗等人给予它高度评价。现在《草叶集》已被公认为美国现代诗的源头。
Walt Whitman (1819-1892), the greatest poet in the United States, has the reputation of “the father of free poems” and the first “democratic poet”. Early Whitman was enthusiastic about political activities, while devote themselves to studying British poetry, the Bible, Greek and Indian classics. He claimed to jump out of the whirlpool of party politics after the thirties and shift to “fighting in the spiritual field.” Whitman’s poems are all collected in the name of “grass leaves set”, has added as many as nine editions. However, since the first edition of 1855, more than thirty years after its publication, American literary circles have always had an overwhelming negative evaluation of it. Only Emerson and Thoreau gave it a high rating. Now “grass leaves set” has been recognized as the source of modern American poetry.