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目的掌握广州市职业人群布鲁氏菌病流行现状,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用问卷调查和虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)及试管凝集试验(STA)对2009-2013年广州市从事羊、牛、猪畜养殖、交易、屠宰、畜产品加工销售、兽医等职业人群进行血清学检测,通过χ2检验等统计学方法分析其流行病学特征。同时对职业人群和劳动场所管理人群进行健康教育,对医务人员进行防控知识培训,分析防控策略效果。结果 5年共监测重点人群3 747人,其中男2 662人,女1 085人,阳性85人,阳性率为2.27%,其中隐性感染44例,发病41例。不同职业布鲁氏菌病感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),以牲畜销售、肉类加工销售(3.67%)和屠宰(2.81%)等职业感染率较高,养殖业(0.58%)较低。感染者主要分布在白云区,男女比例为5∶1,各年龄段均可发病,各年份之间感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论广州市人群布鲁氏菌病感染率居高不下,职业人群发病率较高,布鲁氏菌病防治工作的重点应为加强牲畜流通环节的检疫和管理,做好职业人群的主动监测、开展健康教育,提高防病意识,做好自我防护。
Objective To understand the epidemic status of brucellosis among occupational population in Guangzhou and provide scientific basis for making prevention and cure strategies. Methods The questionnaire survey, RBPT test and STA test were used to investigate the relationship between the occupational groups such as sheep, cattle, pig breeding, trading, slaughtering, livestock products processing and sales, veterinarians in Guangzhou from 2009 to 2013 Serological tests, through χ2 test and other statistical methods to analyze the epidemiological characteristics. At the same time, we should carry out health education for occupational groups and management groups in labor sites, train prevention and control knowledge of medical staff, and analyze the effect of prevention and control strategies. Results A total of 3 747 key patients were enrolled in the study. Among them, 2 662 were male and 1 085 were female, 85 were positive, with a positive rate of 2.27%. Among them, 44 were latent infection and 41 were onset. The prevalence rates of brucellosis in different occupations were statistically significant (P <0.05). The rates of occupational infection such as livestock sales, meat processing and sales (3.67%) and slaughtering (2.81% ) Is lower. Infection was mainly distributed in Baiyun District, male to female ratio of 5: 1, can be all ages, the infection rate between years was no significant difference (P> 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of brucellosis in Guangzhou population is high, and the incidence of occupational groups is high. The prevention and treatment of brucellosis should focus on strengthening the quarantine and management of livestock circulation and actively monitoring occupational groups. Carry out health education, raise the awareness of disease prevention and do a good job of self-protection.