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放射性同位素和辐射技术应用以及核工业事故的原因有人为的行为因素和设施或设备固有的本质因素两大类。在核科学技术发展初期,事故多由一些难以预见的设施或设备固有的本质因素所致;随着核科学技术的进步,人类已积累了半个多世纪从事放射性工作的经验,由设施或设备固有的本质因素引发的事故逐渐减少,由人为因素引发的事故比例逐渐增多。人为因素又分为肇事者主观因素和社会环境的他人因素。我国近40年来发生的放射事故,从性质上看,以责任事故为绝大多数;从事故类别上分析,以撒、漏、丢失放射源居多数;从发生事故的行业上看,以地质和工业部门占多数。其原因为:法制观念淡薄;工作人员素质偏低;对放射源管理不善;防护设施陈旧 ;监督机制不健全等。
The application of radioisotopes and radiation technology and the causes of nuclear accidents are man-made and anthropogenic factors that are inherent in facilities or equipment. In the early days of the development of nuclear science and technology, the accidents were mostly caused by the inherent inherent factors of some unforeseen facilities or equipment. With advances in nuclear science and technology, mankind has accumulated more than half a century of experience in radioactive work, and the facilities or equipment The incidents caused by inherent inherent factors have been gradually reduced, and the proportion of accidents caused by human factors has gradually increased. Human factors are divided into subjective factors of perpetrators and other factors of social environment. In the past 40 years, the radiation accidents in our country occurred mostly in the area of accidental accidents. From the analysis of accident types, Isaacs, leaks and the loss of the most radioactive sources were major accidents. From the point of view of accidents, Industrial sector accounted for the majority. The reasons are as follows: weak legal concept; low quality of staff; poor management of radioactive sources; obsolete protective facilities; inadequate supervision mechanism.