目的了解使用无铅汽油后影响儿童血铅水平的可能因素,为采取新的儿童铅中毒控制措施提供依据。方法于2006年10月—2007年8月按分层随机抽样方法抽取广州市市中心区、城郊区和郊县各1个有代表性的区(县)级市,共选择12所幼儿园和12所小学,选取2373名2至12岁自愿抽血检测的儿童为调查对象,每名儿童抽取静脉血3～5ml,用0.1%TritonX-100和0.1%HNO3对血样稀释20倍后直接以电感耦合等离子-质谱法(ICP-MS)测定血铅。用包括儿童基本情况、家居情况、家庭烹调及儿童饮食情况、儿童生活及卫生习惯情况四大内容34个可能导致儿童血铅水平增高的危险因素的调查问卷进行调查,并对高血铅儿童进行家访。结果2373名儿童血铅几何均值为58.28μg/L,男童血铅均值(61.11μg/L)高于女童(55.37μg/L)差异有统计学意义(t=8.671,P=0.000)。高血铅60人,占2.53%,其中男童36人,占2.90%;女童24人,占2.09%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.594,P=0.207)。城乡结合部的白云区血铅均值为60.33μg/L,明显高于市中心的荔湾区(58.09μg/L)和农村的增城(56.72μg/L),差异有统计学意义(F=9.273,P=0.000)。进行多元线性回归分析显示,父亲文化程度低、家居住房面积小、家居较敞开、儿童少洗手和常吸吮手指等是儿童血铅高的危险因素。结论使用无铅汽油后,城郊儿童血铅水平较高,家庭环境和个人卫生是影响儿童血铅水平主要因素。 Objective To understand the possible factors that affect the level of blood lead in children after using unleaded petrol and provide the basis for the new control measures of lead poisoning in children. Methods From October 2006 to August 2007, a representative district (prefecture) -level city in downtown Guangzhou, suburban areas and suburban counties was selected according to the stratified random sampling method. A total of 12 kindergartens and 12 In primary schools, 2373 volunteers from 2 to 12 years of age were enrolled in this study. Each patient received 3 to 5 ml of venous blood. The blood samples were diluted 20 times with 0.1% Triton X-100 and 0.1% HNO 3 and then directly inductively coupled Blood lead was determined by plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A questionnaire survey of 34 risk factors that could lead to an increase in children’s blood lead level was conducted on four subjects, including basic information on children’s condition, household condition, family cooking and children’s diet, children’s living conditions and hygiene habits, and children with high blood lead Home visit. Results The mean blood lead level of 2373 children was 58.28μg / L, and the mean blood lead level of boys was 61.11μg / L higher than that of girls (55.37μg / L) (t = 8.671, P = 0.000). 60 were high blood lead, accounting for 2.53%, of which 36 were male, accounting for 2.90%; and 24 were female, accounting for 2.09%. There was no significant difference (χ2 = 1.594, P = 0.207). The average blood lead level of Baiyun District in urban and rural areas was 60.33μg / L, which was significantly higher than that in Liwan District (58.09μg / L) and Zengcheng (56.72μg / L) in rural areas (F = 9.273, P = 0.000). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the low educational level of father, small size of home, home more open, children less often hand-washing and finger sucking is a risk factor for high blood lead in children. Conclusions After lead-free gasoline was used, blood lead levels in suburban children were higher, and family environment and personal hygiene were the main factors affecting children’s blood lead levels.