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泥石流是新疆天山公路的主要病害类型 ,集中分布在北天山近 80 km范围内 ,以粘性泥石流为主。基于大量的现场调研及观测 ,从新构造应力场的观点分析并获得了泥石流沟轴向与新构造应力场剪切带方向一致的宏观规律 ;泥石流沟内物源丰富 ,以寒冻风化物、第四纪冰碛物及冰水沉积物为主 ,沿程分布在泥石流沟内 ;天山向西开口的喇叭形地貌格局造就了北天山显著的焚风效应 ,致使境内地表植被条件差、降雨量小、寒冻风化作用强烈 ,进而物源稳定性极差 ;将泥石流形成的诱发因素概化为降雨和气温两方面 ,明确了境内公路泥石流在强降雨后4～ 5 h内暴发的根本原因。研究成果为天山公路泥石流的进一步研究及有效防治提供了重要依据。
Debris flow is the main type of disease in Xinjiang Tianshan Highway, concentrated in the nearly 80 km in the North Tianshan Mountains, sticky debris flow-based. Based on a large number of on-site investigations and observations, the macroscopic law of the shear zone in the direction of the debris flow gully is consistent with that of the new tectonic stress field. From the point of view of the new tectonic stress field, Quaternary glacial tillage and ice-water sediments are mainly distributed in the debris flow ditch along the route. The flared geomorphological pattern opening to the west of Tianshan Mountains caused significant wind burning effect in the North Tianshan Mountains, resulting in poor surface vegetation conditions and small rainfall , The frost weathered strongly, and the stability of the provenance is extremely poor. The inducing factors of debris flow are generalized to rainfall and temperature. The basic causes of the debris flow in the highway within 4 ~ 5 h after heavy rainfall are clarified. The research results provide an important basis for the further research and effective prevention and control of the debris flow on Tianshan Highway.