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为明确吉林省不同年代育成大豆品种产量及品质性状的变化趋势,对吉林省1923~2015年育成的368个大豆品种进行农艺性状和品质性状的演变分析。结果表明:吉林省75年来育成的大豆品种随着年代推移育成数量逐渐增加,2000年以后育成品种达238个。在品种改良过程中,产量、百粒重、脂肪含量呈增加趋势,增幅分别为每年0.92%、0.07%和0.03%;蛋白质含量、蛋脂总量及生育期呈下降趋势,降幅分别为每年0.04%、0.05%和0.02%。品种区域试验的平均产量由1923年的1 743.1 kg/hm2增至2015年的2 951.7 kg/hm2,其中脂肪含量≥22%的有69个,蛋白质含量≥44%的有23个,特用型品种37个。通过对这些品种的主要农艺性状和品质性状进行比较,分析其演变趋势,解析品种更替的原因,为今后新品种选育提供参考和指导。
In order to clarify the trend of yield and quality traits of bred soybean in different years in Jilin Province, the evolution of agronomic traits and quality traits of 368 soybean cultivars bred from 1923 to 2015 in Jilin Province was analyzed. The results showed that the number of bred soybean varieties in Jilin Province increased gradually with the passage of time in the past 75 years and reached 238 after 2000. In the process of variety improvement, the yield, the weight of 100 grains and the content of fat showed an increasing trend, increasing by 0.92%, 0.07% and 0.03% respectively per year; the content of protein, the total amount of egg and fat and the growth period showed a downward trend, decreasing by 0.04 %, 0.05% and 0.02%. The average yield of variety regional trials increased from 1 743.1 kg / hm2 in 1923 to 2 951.7 kg / hm2 in 2015, of which 69 were fat content ≥ 22%, 23 were ≥ 44% protein content, Variety 37. By comparing the main agronomic traits and quality traits of these cultivars, analyzing their evolution trend, analyzing the reasons for the variety alternation, and providing reference and guidance for breeding new varieties in the future.